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Low cost Photovoltaics -- R&D for the Solar Energy Industry
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For the preparation, analysis and characterization of ISET's patented pigment powders and inks, the laboratory is equipped with rotary ball mills, low and high temperature furnaces, a viscometer, a surface area analyzer and a zeta potential analyser with particle size measurement capability. Several tube furnaces with automated gas flow control systems are available specially designed to carry out reduction (using H2/N2 gas mixture) and selenization/sulfidation (using H2Se and H2S gases) for processing thin films into solar devices. ISET has also set up larger 6" diameter tube furnaces for processing large area cells and modules. A walk-in fume hood connected to a scrubbing system of 1000-cfm capacity and a continuous toxic gas monitor are also available for safety purposes. The laboratory is also equipped with a belt furnace, several tube and box furnaces with programmable temperature controllers. For general chemical processing, the laboratory has several chemical hoods, potentiostats/galvanostats, coulometers, plating tanks with level and temperature controllers, pH meters, circulation pumps, standard and analytical balances and electrolytic cells. The laboratory has DI and distilled water systems and a small machine shop. For general analytical needs, the laboratory has an atomic absorption (AA) spectrophotometer, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a polarograph. The laboratory recently expanded capabilities to include a state-of-the-art thermal analysis instrument with simultaneous TGA/DTA capabilities and an X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer for the bulk elemental analysis of solids, liquids and loose powders.
Module fabrication facilities include furnaces, a computer controlled mechanical scriber and a PV module lamination facility. For device characterization and evaluation, all necessary electronic equipment such as multimeters, power supplies, lock in amplifier, environmental chamber are available in house. There is a computer controlled solar cell measurement system with a solar simulator which allows us to test our solar devices in-house. ISET's labs are fully equipped to process thin-film solar cells and modules using a variety of vacuum and non-vacuum coating techniques and a number of optical and electronic characterization techniques. |
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ISET's laboratories are housed in a
23,000 ft2
facility north of Los Angeles in Chatsworth, California. 
Optical
microscopes, a profilometer (thickness measurement system), a
4-point probe and a photolithography room complete with
spin-coater, exposer, laminar flow hood, and oven are also
available in the laboratory. For thin-film deposition,
systems available at ISET include a screen printer, a knife edge
coater, thermal vacuum evaporator, an e-beam evaporator, a cryo-pumped
4-target RF/DC sputtering system that can coat up to 1 ft2
area substrates. ISET also has a low pressure chemical
vapor deposition (LPCVD) system to coat transparent conducting
oxides such as ZnO on substrates as large as 1 ft2.